Lyndon B. Johnson (L.H. & N.T.)
Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th president of the United States after Kennedy’s assassination. He was an important person in the civil rights. Johnson helped the blacks get equality, and more of the rights they deserved. He wanted to end poverty as well. Lyndon B. Johnson felt strongly about equality. He was forced to vote with the South many times because of politics.
Johnson and the Civil Rights
His first act as president after kennedy's assassination was to address congress on the issue of the civil rights act. Johnson did this because he thought it was the best way to honor the memory of president kennedy with the immediate passage of the civil rights act. Martin Luther King JR suggested that “No memorial or eulogy," he said, "could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's memory than the earliest possible passage of the civil rights bill for which he fought." (Germany) The civil rights act consisted of many bills that freed blacks from segregation. In the picture below President Johnson is seen shaking hands with Martin Luther King JR as he signs one of the civil rights act.
His first act as president after kennedy's assassination was to address congress on the issue of the civil rights act. Johnson did this because he thought it was the best way to honor the memory of president kennedy with the immediate passage of the civil rights act. Martin Luther King JR suggested that “No memorial or eulogy," he said, "could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's memory than the earliest possible passage of the civil rights bill for which he fought." (Germany) The civil rights act consisted of many bills that freed blacks from segregation. In the picture below President Johnson is seen shaking hands with Martin Luther King JR as he signs one of the civil rights act.
He passed to Voting Rights Act.
When this act was passed, it gave improvements to the position of blacks in the USA. With the voting rights act it ensured that there would be no segregation when it came to voting so blacks effectively had as much power in politics as whites. The voting rights act was probably the most effective act passed during the time of the civil rights because it brought a almost immediate effect in the civil rights. By This act was a very major victory in the black community. Congress later amended the act five times to expand its protections.
When this act was passed, it gave improvements to the position of blacks in the USA. With the voting rights act it ensured that there would be no segregation when it came to voting so blacks effectively had as much power in politics as whites. The voting rights act was probably the most effective act passed during the time of the civil rights because it brought a almost immediate effect in the civil rights. By This act was a very major victory in the black community. Congress later amended the act five times to expand its protections.
Johnson helped pass the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
This act helped children get out of the ghettos. The percent of african Americans with a diploma rose from 40 percent to 60 percent. Along with the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, he passed the 1965 Higher Education Act. This act was very successful, and gave aid to poor black colleges. The number of African American college students quadrupled within a decade.
This act helped children get out of the ghettos. The percent of african Americans with a diploma rose from 40 percent to 60 percent. Along with the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, he passed the 1965 Higher Education Act. This act was very successful, and gave aid to poor black colleges. The number of African American college students quadrupled within a decade.
Presidency
Martin Luther king JR convinced the president after Kennedy was assassinated that the best way to hold his memory was to pass the act he worked so hard towards. His first act as the new president was to address congress on the civil rights act. Was forced to vote with the south against civil rights acts because of politics. Resigned from office because of all the criticism he faced. He was from the south he was expected to support them.
Lyndon B. Johnson (F.B. & M.M.)
Johnson's Family
Lyndon B. Johnson was born on August 27, 1908 in Stonewall, Texas. His family lived in Texas as ranchers and farmers for many generations, and had battled during the Civil War as Confederates. Johnson's father actually served in politics at the age of 27 as a Texas state representative. Unfortunately, he did not prove to be a good businessman as he drove his family into heavy debt, and lost the family farm. His father never recovered financially, which caused Lyndon Johnson to want to help the poor later in life. Johnson met Claudia Alta Taylor, nicknamed "Lady Bird", in 1934. She came from a wealthy family, and her quiet personality seemed to balance his personality. They married three months later, and had two kids named Lynda and Luci.
Lyndon B. Johnson was born on August 27, 1908 in Stonewall, Texas. His family lived in Texas as ranchers and farmers for many generations, and had battled during the Civil War as Confederates. Johnson's father actually served in politics at the age of 27 as a Texas state representative. Unfortunately, he did not prove to be a good businessman as he drove his family into heavy debt, and lost the family farm. His father never recovered financially, which caused Lyndon Johnson to want to help the poor later in life. Johnson met Claudia Alta Taylor, nicknamed "Lady Bird", in 1934. She came from a wealthy family, and her quiet personality seemed to balance his personality. They married three months later, and had two kids named Lynda and Luci.
Political Life Before the Presidency
Once Lyndon Johnson began his political life, he quickly went from one position to another. However, it did not start off as well. Johnson was not a good student, and did not get accepted into college at first. After trying several jobs, he decided to be a teacher and entered Southwest Texas State Teachers College in 1927. Teaching did not last long, though, as he became an aide to a congressman in 1931. Johnson finally found his passion in politics. In 1937 at age 28, he was elected to Congress. He served for ten years, and was then elected into the Senate in 1948. He quickly became the Democratic minority leader, followed by the majority leader in 1955. By 1960, Johnson had twice lost the vote to become vice-president, so he decided to take on The White House and run for President. However, he could not compete with the popular John F. Kennedy, and so they teamed up as President and Vice-President and won the election!
Once Lyndon Johnson began his political life, he quickly went from one position to another. However, it did not start off as well. Johnson was not a good student, and did not get accepted into college at first. After trying several jobs, he decided to be a teacher and entered Southwest Texas State Teachers College in 1927. Teaching did not last long, though, as he became an aide to a congressman in 1931. Johnson finally found his passion in politics. In 1937 at age 28, he was elected to Congress. He served for ten years, and was then elected into the Senate in 1948. He quickly became the Democratic minority leader, followed by the majority leader in 1955. By 1960, Johnson had twice lost the vote to become vice-president, so he decided to take on The White House and run for President. However, he could not compete with the popular John F. Kennedy, and so they teamed up as President and Vice-President and won the election!
President Kennedy's Assassination
Vice-President Johnson was only two cars behind the President when JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Only two hours and eight minutes later, Johnson was sworn into Presidency on board Air Force One in Dallas. The new President was sworn in by U.S. District Judge, Sarah T. Hughes. He is the only President (so far) to be sworn in by a woman. The widowed First Lady, Jacqueline Kennedy, was actually in attendance as Johnson became the new President of the United States.
Vice-President Johnson was only two cars behind the President when JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Only two hours and eight minutes later, Johnson was sworn into Presidency on board Air Force One in Dallas. The new President was sworn in by U.S. District Judge, Sarah T. Hughes. He is the only President (so far) to be sworn in by a woman. The widowed First Lady, Jacqueline Kennedy, was actually in attendance as Johnson became the new President of the United States.
Lyndon B. Johnson - His Presidency
Following the assassination of JFK, President Johnson, now the 36th president, was a popular leader as he pushed to get the former President's tax cut and civil rights bill passed. When he ran for the Presidency in the next election against Barry Goldwater in 1964, he won by the biggest popular vote margin in history. During his presidency, Johnson had a positive impact as he created the "Great Society" social service programs, passed the Medicare program, and devoted money to education and city reconstruction. One of his greatest accomplishments was when he passed the Civil Rights Act into law on July 2, 1964. Johnson used approximately 75 pens to sign the bill into law. Unfortunately, Johnson's presidency took a turn for the worse as the unpopular Vietnam War was happening, and President Johnson continued to send more troops, increase firepower, and pour more money into the war. Before long, there was a major anti-war movement happening in the United States, and President Johnson was severely criticized for not having a strategy for victory or a plan to withdrawal. Because of such strong opposition, he did not seek a second term. Four years later, Lyndon B. Johnson died of a heart attack in Texas on January 22, 1973. The day before he died, he learned that the Vietnam War had finally ended. His final resting place is at The Johnson Family Cemetery in Stonewall, Texas.
Following the assassination of JFK, President Johnson, now the 36th president, was a popular leader as he pushed to get the former President's tax cut and civil rights bill passed. When he ran for the Presidency in the next election against Barry Goldwater in 1964, he won by the biggest popular vote margin in history. During his presidency, Johnson had a positive impact as he created the "Great Society" social service programs, passed the Medicare program, and devoted money to education and city reconstruction. One of his greatest accomplishments was when he passed the Civil Rights Act into law on July 2, 1964. Johnson used approximately 75 pens to sign the bill into law. Unfortunately, Johnson's presidency took a turn for the worse as the unpopular Vietnam War was happening, and President Johnson continued to send more troops, increase firepower, and pour more money into the war. Before long, there was a major anti-war movement happening in the United States, and President Johnson was severely criticized for not having a strategy for victory or a plan to withdrawal. Because of such strong opposition, he did not seek a second term. Four years later, Lyndon B. Johnson died of a heart attack in Texas on January 22, 1973. The day before he died, he learned that the Vietnam War had finally ended. His final resting place is at The Johnson Family Cemetery in Stonewall, Texas.
The Great Society
The Great Society is a name given to a program by the President Lyndon B. Johnson. The President gave it the name in a speech and quickly caught on. It was a program to help the poor and help with the economic security of americans. The Great Society also dealt with Civil Rights, The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered one of the strongest laws against discrimination. The Great Society program also tried to help the African American environment and the environment for the poor. Many people rank the Great Society as one of the top two liberal programs made by the U.S. in its history, the other program is the New Deal program made by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
The Great Society is a name given to a program by the President Lyndon B. Johnson. The President gave it the name in a speech and quickly caught on. It was a program to help the poor and help with the economic security of americans. The Great Society also dealt with Civil Rights, The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered one of the strongest laws against discrimination. The Great Society program also tried to help the African American environment and the environment for the poor. Many people rank the Great Society as one of the top two liberal programs made by the U.S. in its history, the other program is the New Deal program made by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Lyndon B. Johnson had an idea to create the Great society, by thinking of using Kennedyassassinationion as a springboard to create the Great Society, he said, “We’ve got to use the Kennedy program as a springboard to take on the Congress, summon the states to new heights, create a Johnson program, different in tone, fighting and aggressive,” he said. “Hell, we’ve barely begun to solve our problems. And we can do it all.”
Johnson’s vision would come to be known as the Great Society — the most ambitious effort ever to test what American government is capable of achieving. And in doing so, to discover what it is not.
In laying it out, LBJ even set out a specific time frame for it to come to fruition — 50 years, a mark that will be reached on Thursday. Johnson launched his program with a University of Michigan commencement address, delivered on the clear, humid morning of May 22, 1964, in Ann Arbor.
The Great Society time frame ends this thursday, May 22, 2014.
sources https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IvHBHLXvLmyrVtcyx1nqkIjflYpHTdt65NqIh0AFpuo/edit?usp=sharing
Johnson’s vision would come to be known as the Great Society — the most ambitious effort ever to test what American government is capable of achieving. And in doing so, to discover what it is not.
In laying it out, LBJ even set out a specific time frame for it to come to fruition — 50 years, a mark that will be reached on Thursday. Johnson launched his program with a University of Michigan commencement address, delivered on the clear, humid morning of May 22, 1964, in Ann Arbor.
The Great Society time frame ends this thursday, May 22, 2014.
sources https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IvHBHLXvLmyrVtcyx1nqkIjflYpHTdt65NqIh0AFpuo/edit?usp=sharing
Harry S. Truman - Executive Order 9981 (F.Z. & B.C.)
FIVE THINGS ABOUT EXECUTIVE ORDER 9981 THAT MAY SHOCK YOU
The Executive Order 9981 was issued on July 26, 1948 by President Harry S. Truman. The order ended segregation in the armed forces, once and for all. It allowed African Americans to fight side by side with white soldiers, and to have the same rights as them. As you read this listicle, you will be surprised and learn about one of the documents which changed the course of history. ("Executive Order 9981:Ending Segregation")
The Executive Order 9981 was issued on July 26, 1948 by President Harry S. Truman. The order ended segregation in the armed forces, once and for all. It allowed African Americans to fight side by side with white soldiers, and to have the same rights as them. As you read this listicle, you will be surprised and learn about one of the documents which changed the course of history. ("Executive Order 9981:Ending Segregation")
1. HOW THE EXECUTIVE ORDER CAME TO BE
Harry Truman was raised in the South where it would have been natural for him to have hated people of the African American race. Before the order was given, President Truman had mixed views on the integration and separation of races. There isn’t much evidence from his background to suggest he would want to see these changes. President Truman had been examining the issue of segregation in the armed forces since at least 1947, when he appointed the president's committee on civil rights. This order was issued on July 26, 1948. He supported Civil Rights (He wanted African Americans to have rights), and promised them that the federal government would act now to end discrimination, violence and race prejudice in America. Philip Randolph, an African American activist, informed Truman that if he did not end segregation in the armed forces, African Americans would start refusing to serve in them. In February of 1948, President Truman called on Congress to consider all these recommendations from African Americans, and turn it into a law. Even though many Southern Senators threatened a filibuster, he continued on the path to Civil Rights, using his executive powers. ("Executive Order 9981:Ending Segregation") and (Harry Truman and the desegregation of the military: A timeline)
Harry Truman was raised in the South where it would have been natural for him to have hated people of the African American race. Before the order was given, President Truman had mixed views on the integration and separation of races. There isn’t much evidence from his background to suggest he would want to see these changes. President Truman had been examining the issue of segregation in the armed forces since at least 1947, when he appointed the president's committee on civil rights. This order was issued on July 26, 1948. He supported Civil Rights (He wanted African Americans to have rights), and promised them that the federal government would act now to end discrimination, violence and race prejudice in America. Philip Randolph, an African American activist, informed Truman that if he did not end segregation in the armed forces, African Americans would start refusing to serve in them. In February of 1948, President Truman called on Congress to consider all these recommendations from African Americans, and turn it into a law. Even though many Southern Senators threatened a filibuster, he continued on the path to Civil Rights, using his executive powers. ("Executive Order 9981:Ending Segregation") and (Harry Truman and the desegregation of the military: A timeline)
2. THIS ORDER WAS BASED OFF OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 8802
He wrote the Executive Order 9981, which ended discrimination in the military. Truman’s order expanded on executive order 8802, which stated “Regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups, within its borders.” (Executive Order 8802) The path to official integration started with the signing of this order by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in June of 1941. It signaled the end of racial discrimination in the U.S. defense industry, but the armed forces generally enforced the policy of segregation throughout the period of World War II. (Executive Order 8802. Wikipedia.)
He wrote the Executive Order 9981, which ended discrimination in the military. Truman’s order expanded on executive order 8802, which stated “Regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin in the firm belief that the democratic way of life within the nation can be defended successfully only with the help and support of all groups, within its borders.” (Executive Order 8802) The path to official integration started with the signing of this order by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in June of 1941. It signaled the end of racial discrimination in the U.S. defense industry, but the armed forces generally enforced the policy of segregation throughout the period of World War II. (Executive Order 8802. Wikipedia.)
3. SEGREGATION REMAINS
First this order only abolished racial discrimination in the United States armed forces. It soon led to the end of segregation in all the services. Segregation remained even at the end of President Truman’s presidency. Laws had been passed but without the desire to execute them in the states they targeted, the laws were now just words on a piece of paper, but not something people took too seriously in their day to day lives. African Americans were still discriminated against, even though they weren’t supposed to be. (Harry S. Truman Library and Museum)
First this order only abolished racial discrimination in the United States armed forces. It soon led to the end of segregation in all the services. Segregation remained even at the end of President Truman’s presidency. Laws had been passed but without the desire to execute them in the states they targeted, the laws were now just words on a piece of paper, but not something people took too seriously in their day to day lives. African Americans were still discriminated against, even though they weren’t supposed to be. (Harry S. Truman Library and Museum)
4. THEY DESERVED EQUAL RIGHTS
African Americans had played an important role in the armed forces in the United States, they fought in many battles, while fighting their own personal battle for freedom, which wasn’t fully achieved until the Executive Order of 9981 was written. Prior to the issuing of this order, blacks were often segregated into separate units from other white soldiers. Usually, these units were only assigned menial tasks, and rarely saw combat. These African Americans were very strong, and whenever given the chance to see combat, they would fight with great courage and bravery under fire. A couple examples of such courage are the 54th Massachusetts Regiment in the Civil War, the 369th infantry “Harlem Hellfighters” in World War I, and the 761st Tank Battalion in World War II. When the order was finally issued, though some other things were still segregated, at least these black soldiers got their rights on the battlefield. ("African Americans in World War II Fighting for a Double Victory.")
African Americans had played an important role in the armed forces in the United States, they fought in many battles, while fighting their own personal battle for freedom, which wasn’t fully achieved until the Executive Order of 9981 was written. Prior to the issuing of this order, blacks were often segregated into separate units from other white soldiers. Usually, these units were only assigned menial tasks, and rarely saw combat. These African Americans were very strong, and whenever given the chance to see combat, they would fight with great courage and bravery under fire. A couple examples of such courage are the 54th Massachusetts Regiment in the Civil War, the 369th infantry “Harlem Hellfighters” in World War I, and the 761st Tank Battalion in World War II. When the order was finally issued, though some other things were still segregated, at least these black soldiers got their rights on the battlefield. ("African Americans in World War II Fighting for a Double Victory.")
5. HOW IT CHANGED OUR HISTORY
Before and after the order was issued, there was a lot of controversy. For example, Richard B. Russell, a democratic senator from Georgia, attached an amendment giving the right for soldiers to choose whether or not they wanted to serve with segregated military troops. Luckily, Russell’s amendment was defeated in committee. The Washington Post reported in a front-page article on July 28,1948 that General Bradley publicly expressed his opposition to Executive Order 9981 by declaring, “The Army is not out to make any social reforms. The Army will put men of different races in different companies. It will change that policy when the Nation as a whole changes it.” On the following day, the Washington Post reported Walter White’s angry reaction to General Bradley’s public refusal to adhere to the President's mandate in Executive Order 9981. “This statement by the chief of Staff less than 24 hours after the Commander in Chief of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, had issued an executive order to eliminate racial discrimination and inequality in the armed services is unbelieveable. It is another illustration of how men who have been isolated in the Army for many years from contact with the outside world are unable to understand or even be aware of the growth of enlightened public opinion.” Needless to say, integration in the Armed Forces, and integration in general, was a matter that no one could agree on. ("Executive Order 9981: Integration of the Armed Forces.")
Before and after the order was issued, there was a lot of controversy. For example, Richard B. Russell, a democratic senator from Georgia, attached an amendment giving the right for soldiers to choose whether or not they wanted to serve with segregated military troops. Luckily, Russell’s amendment was defeated in committee. The Washington Post reported in a front-page article on July 28,1948 that General Bradley publicly expressed his opposition to Executive Order 9981 by declaring, “The Army is not out to make any social reforms. The Army will put men of different races in different companies. It will change that policy when the Nation as a whole changes it.” On the following day, the Washington Post reported Walter White’s angry reaction to General Bradley’s public refusal to adhere to the President's mandate in Executive Order 9981. “This statement by the chief of Staff less than 24 hours after the Commander in Chief of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, had issued an executive order to eliminate racial discrimination and inequality in the armed services is unbelieveable. It is another illustration of how men who have been isolated in the Army for many years from contact with the outside world are unable to understand or even be aware of the growth of enlightened public opinion.” Needless to say, integration in the Armed Forces, and integration in general, was a matter that no one could agree on. ("Executive Order 9981: Integration of the Armed Forces.")
A couple weeks ago, the people of Missouri gathered at the Truman Library to celebrate the 130th birthday of the only U.S. President from their state, Harry S. Truman. They ate cake and rejoiced in honor of him, and also had a wreath laying in respect of his time as our president. They payed tribute to his achievements, and appreciated his hard work towards civil rights, and remembered all the great things he did, like writing the Executive Order 9981, and helping freedom to truly spread all over America, especially in it’s armed forces. It’s really fantastic how though Harry Truman was our president so long ago, and all the positive things he did for our country are buried with history, we can still take time out of our day to respect him. (Diuguid, Kansas City Opinion).
Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dklj1EluPPzgcwX8EjdF2fMbr45TLZF_3IQU2uRQhJo/edit?usp=sharing
Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dklj1EluPPzgcwX8EjdF2fMbr45TLZF_3IQU2uRQhJo/edit?usp=sharing
Harry S. Truman - Executive Order 9981 (N.Y. and N.P.)
The civil rights movement didn’t happen in a day, every victory over the years led to integration and outlawing of segregation. So when did the military integrate these customs?
Truman signed executive order 9981 into effect making the federal military branches integrated “as rapidly as possible”(1 Truman) on July 26, 1948. He said “All soldiers should have equal treatment and opportunity regardless of race, colour, religion or national origin.”(1 Truman)
It also created a committee.
This committee helped the executive office enforce these rules. It was named President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services. Its chairman Fahy is what the committee was also commonly known as.(Fahy Committee) It was terminated in 1950.
This committee helped the executive office enforce these rules. It was named President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services. Its chairman Fahy is what the committee was also commonly known as.(Fahy Committee) It was terminated in 1950.
Truman decided to sign this order into action because of pressure from civil rights leaders. He wanted them to stop bias in the military. Black people also made up about 10% of the nation’s manpower, which is a lot of soldiers. It also helped Truman secure the black vote to be re-elected.
Not all branches excepted integration. The navy had always been lenient with integration so they accepted it no problem. The Air force and Marines also accepted integration as a matter of efficiency, Air Force had already had the Tuskegee Airmen. However the Army didn’t like blacks and didn’t need them so they tried to ignore the rule. After units suffered losses in korea, they had to accept blacks into their ranks to stay large enough to fight.
This was kind of an add on to Order 8802. Before Truman President Roosevelt passed Executive Order 8802 Making the defence industry to not discriminate anyone by race or colour. After both orders were passed the military was a non discriminated area for all.
Executive Order 9981 today.
Although the committee has long since been terminated, segregation in the military still has not come back. Now there are even private groups like unions to help blacks in the armed services.
Sources - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ctv-ddzAE9nhc0zEeO0WTnjysDahjyfgDNKVuU2TXrs/edit
Although the committee has long since been terminated, segregation in the military still has not come back. Now there are even private groups like unions to help blacks in the armed services.
Sources - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ctv-ddzAE9nhc0zEeO0WTnjysDahjyfgDNKVuU2TXrs/edit
John F. Kennedy (D.C. & W.F.)
Back in time to the 35th President of the United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy had a big responsibility of controlling a country with much segregation between the blacks and the whites. With cases every day on violent beatings, marches, and bombings, JFK had to keep as much peace as possible and work hard to get bills and laws passed. In the following segment lists five major yet not well known facts and movements made towards the step to true freedom for blacks.
From the official website of John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, there is information based completely on JFK and what he has done. This website said that more than 70% of African Americans that were granted voting rights voted for John F. Kennedy as president. Meaning Blacks supported him and liked him for what he does. In office, John F. Kennedy appointed unprecedented numbers of African Americans to high-level positions in Government and helped to strengthen the Civil Rights Commission. This is a government group that seeks out people fighting law and puts them to court. President Kennedy also mobilized the United States National Guard at the University of Mississippi and sent Federal troops to the college campus. James Meredith was then able to attend classes and become the first Black American to go to a regular school ("John F. Kennedy Presidential").
-Shmoop.com is another good source that holds some unknown information. For example, throughout JFK's presidency, civil rights advocates struggled to effect change in the racially segregated South, where whites controlled state governments and denied African-Americans basic rights. This means that the government struggled to keep control in the South. John did not make civil rights a major priority of his presidency until his last months as commander-in-chief. JFK, who had few personal interactions with blacks in his life, was reluctant to address civil rights concerns for fear of exposing American racism to the international community, alienating southern voters in his quest for re-election (Shmoop.com). Like some presidents, Mr. Kennedy was afraid of losing his seat in office for years to come if he takes a strong opinion on one side of this battle.
-Out of the digital world and into the library, a resource book called Presidents Who Dared, an excerpt says by executive orders, Kennedy established the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and decreed the end of discrimination in housing owned, operated, or financed by federal government (Lindop [Volume 4]: [Page 16]). The Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity files laws against workplace discrimination.
-Through research on InfOhio, an online Encyclopedia says a bill president Kennedy proposed helped safeguard voting rights, desegregate public places, form a community relations service, extend the life of the Commission on Civil Rights, prohibit funding of the practice of discrimination, and guarantee equal employment. The bill was passed in honor of Kennedy after his assassination (USA.gov). Like Abraham Lincoln, his final and successful movements towards true freedom passed after his death.
-Some behind the scenes information from a Journal found through InfOhio records “In October 1961, Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy took an after-lunch stroll through the elegant hallways of the White House residence. Their meeting that day was not official: it was not in the White House's appointment book, and King had not been formally invited to discuss any sort of business. It was instead a guarded and rather stilted introduction for leaders of professed goodwill, in a political climate that remained extremely sensitive about race. When the men passed the Lincoln Bedroom on their tour, King noticed the Emancipation Proclamation framed on the wall, and took the opportunity to raise, ever so delicately, the pressing issue of civil rights. King suggested something radical: a second Emancipation Proclamation, a proposal that would become the centerpiece of King's lobbying campaign for the next year (EBSCO Host)”. JFK and Martin Luther King were therefore working together at some point in time and planned much bigger ways to apply full Civil Rights.
John F. Kennedy has done many steps to finally abolish segregation, but it took some time because John would lose votes in the South or North if he took a certain side. Also, he has worked with Civil Rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. Today, the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) elected a new president. This organization is the oldest and largest Civil Rights Organization. The new president worked as executive director of the Fair Housing Council of Greater Washington and as an attorney with the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, which is a group started at President John F. Kennedy’s request in 1963 ("NAACP names Cornell William"). Even today, JFK has followers that work hard from his civil rights movements. This is because JFK is recognized as a hero for Civil Rights.
Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1a_2mFD6ZsjwJ29LaSijSF140zIGFPC3Y9zaQXzXUN9s/edit?usp=sharing
Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1a_2mFD6ZsjwJ29LaSijSF140zIGFPC3Y9zaQXzXUN9s/edit?usp=sharing
John F. Kennedy (K.W. & L.P.)
During the 1960 elections, Kennedy was faced with the decision of whether he wanted to gain African American support or white support instead of African support. Kennedy decided to choose to get support from the African Americans because he wanted to see change in the Nation. He made many speeches about change, including a famous quote stating; “Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.” Meaning that we must be the change we want to see in the world.
Shortly after election, JFK was afraid of losing the south’s support, so instead of acting on the issue right away he issued high position jobs in the admissions to African-American people, which strengthened the Civil Rights Commission finished later by the at-the-time Vice-President, Lyndon B. Johnson, and president after Kennedy’s assassination. Kennedy’s first step towards creating an equal rights helped to address the issue of segregation and violence towards blacks. When Kennedy issued jobs to blacks it went without saying that he thought that blacks were equals, and could work alongside whites.
During the 1960 campaign, Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested for leading a protest in Alabama. Kennedy called Martins wife, and told her that he would get Martin out of jail safely. Both John and Robert Kennedy helped with the bailing Martin Luther King out of jail, and it spiked the Presidential vote. More than 70% of the African American population nationwide voted for Kennedy, which won over many key states that were needed to win the election.
In 1962 an African American student tried to enroll in classes at the University of Mississippi. Cheerleaders and segregationists tried to block his entry. Kennedy sent National Guard members to ensure James Meredith's enrollment. James later graduated from the University of Mississippi. This portrayed Kennedy’s feelings that blacks were equal and could work and learn alongside whites, and his comfort with a black person in a large University helped the rest of America feel more at ease which sparked some people’s comfort with blacks.
In his time as president, Kennedy was faced with more pressing issues than civil rights. He didn’t do too much about the issue, but he did set an act in motion, which he didn’t get to see the results of. In the end the act was finished by Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) when he became president after Kennedy’s assassination. Kennedy initiated something that many presidents were too scared to start, but he ignored the backlash that he faced, and once he started the act, people sympathised with Kennedy’s thoughts and passed it.
Nixon and Kennedy had many pre-election debates which helped to persuade voters, especially black voters to vote for Kennedy and his promises. Kennedy was said to have looked more put together, and citizens who watched the debate said that Kennedy had won, while citizens who had listened to the debate said that Nixon had stronger points, and was a better debater. Kennedy’s debates helped to depict that everyone in the Union was united no matter their skin color. This gave confidence to all the civil rights activists and persuaded them to vote for Kennedy, allowing him to fulfill his promises of getting rid of Civil Rights and violence in segregation.
John F. Kennedy not only influenced many people in the 1960’s, but his legacy carries on today. President Kennedy provided support and care to the African Americans of the time, and he started a National chain reaction. When President Kennedy was elected in 1961, groups of African Americans were attacked on the streets for no reason everyday. Kennedy sent help to all the blacks from being beaten, attacked, and treated unfairly. Today, all groups of people can walk freely without worrying about their skin color or race. John F. Kennedy lives in our hearts and heads, and we still follow his way of non-racist life.
Sourceshttps://docs.google.com/document/d/11z-nEyqzZPuKEQ_j7ICrse935GLT6BS107fF4dNpXtc/edit?usp=sharing
John F. Kennedy (D.R. and A.R.)
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the united states. He has many major achievements such as Cuban Missile Crises, and issues concerning the cold war. However, his biggest area was in the civil rights movement.
John F. Kennedy was a supporter of equality during the civil rights. Well running for president he clearly stated that he supported civil rights. He helped by putting pressure on federal government organisations to employ more African Americans in America’s equivalent of Britain’s Civil Service. Any who were employed were usually in the lowest paid posts and in jobs that had little prospect of professional progress. The FBI only employed 48 African Americans out of a total of 13,649 and these 48 were nearly all chauffeurs. Kennedy did more than any president before him to have more African Americans appointed to federal government posts. In total, he appointed 40 to senior federal positions including five as federal judges.
- n 1961 Kennedy did nothing to help and push forward the civil rights issue. International factors meant that the president could never focus attention on domestic issues in that year. He also knew that there was no great public support for such legislation. Opinion polls indicated that in 1960 and 1961, civil rights was at the bottom of the list when people were asked "what needs to be done in America to advance society ?" Kennedy was also concentrating his domestic attention on improving health care and helping the lowest wage earners. Civil rights issues would only cloud the issue and disrupt progress in these areas. Kennedy also argued that improving health care and wages for the poor would effectively be civil rights legislation as they would benefit the most from these two.
- John F. Kennedy gave the civil rights speech. This speech is one of the most well known. The Civil Rights Address was a speech on civil rights, delivered on radio and television by U.S. President John F. Kennedy from the Oval Office on June 11, 1963 in which he proposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The address transformed civil rights from a legal issue to a moral one.
Kennedy was not very popular among congress despite being very charismatic. This is due to the fact that most congressmen in the south did not approve of the things that Kennedy was trying to do for the civil rights movement. Congressmen in the north also started to question Kennedy because they thought he was making too big of a deal about blacks and not focusing on the majority of the people, the whites.
In 1963 Kenny passed laws allowing blacks to go to white schools. This allowed black children under effected areas to get the education needed and helped cool the tension between blacks and whites by a little.edy set up the educational system for all blacks which said that no school could be segregated all
In modern times we don’t really realize what all Kennedy has done in order to make things how they are today. If it wasn’t for him, blacks and whites wouldnt go to the same school together today. In fact, we may even still have segregation everywhere if it wasn’t for his Civil Rights Address which changed many peoples minds on the issue. We owe a huge thanks to John F. Kennedy
Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZOjCOuQRsm_NUzZ6WzXxD_NAkxp8e0Fzq_h_ENFxBdI/edit
Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZOjCOuQRsm_NUzZ6WzXxD_NAkxp8e0Fzq_h_ENFxBdI/edit
Robert Kennedy (L.G. and L.H.)
Robert Kennedy (Bobby) was a busy man. From taking care of his wife and 11 children, he still found time to make a large difference in the world. He was a civil rights leader from the beginning of the civil rights movement until his last breath.
Help to Africa
Bobby became committed to helping African Americans win the right to vote, attend integrated schools, and use public accommodations. This was important because 100 years earlier Abraham Lincoln tried to get African-Americans the right to vote, but it didn’t happen until Robert Kennedy was in charge. Bobby also helped get African-Americans be able to go to schools that had white people also. Bobby helped get African-Americans be able to use public facilities with whites, and not just have their own stores. The Civil Rights act that allowed African-Americans to vote, attend schools, and use public accommodations was in 1963. Once the African-Americans could go to schools and use public accommodations they had to find jobs, so Bobby helped them get jobs to help provide for them and their family. (JFK Library)
Bobby became committed to helping African Americans win the right to vote, attend integrated schools, and use public accommodations. This was important because 100 years earlier Abraham Lincoln tried to get African-Americans the right to vote, but it didn’t happen until Robert Kennedy was in charge. Bobby also helped get African-Americans be able to go to schools that had white people also. Bobby helped get African-Americans be able to use public facilities with whites, and not just have their own stores. The Civil Rights act that allowed African-Americans to vote, attend schools, and use public accommodations was in 1963. Once the African-Americans could go to schools and use public accommodations they had to find jobs, so Bobby helped them get jobs to help provide for them and their family. (JFK Library)
We can learn too
In 1962, the University of Mississippi ignored a U.S. court order demanding that James Meredith, an African-American, be admitted as a student. RFK sent U.S. marshals to protect Meredith when he entered the university for the first time. On that day, an angry crowd of whites gathered to protest Meredith's presence. Robert Kennedy helped James Meredith get to,from, and around school safely by sending U.S. marshals to protect him. RFK used his authority as Attorney General to send the troops in to help James Meredith. If RFK didn’t send in the troops then James Meredith would probably not have gotten into school that day, or maybe he would have never gotten into school. (Magazine article)
In 1962, the University of Mississippi ignored a U.S. court order demanding that James Meredith, an African-American, be admitted as a student. RFK sent U.S. marshals to protect Meredith when he entered the university for the first time. On that day, an angry crowd of whites gathered to protest Meredith's presence. Robert Kennedy helped James Meredith get to,from, and around school safely by sending U.S. marshals to protect him. RFK used his authority as Attorney General to send the troops in to help James Meredith. If RFK didn’t send in the troops then James Meredith would probably not have gotten into school that day, or maybe he would have never gotten into school. (Magazine article)
Bye bye segregation
May 29 1961, Robert Kennedy formally petitioned to end segregation on public bus travel. He petitioned to the Commerce Commission to adopt "stringent regulations". The proposition was issued September 22 and affected November first. Directly after the segregation on public bus transportation was ended the Jim Crow law was put into action. It ended segregation in waiting rooms, water fountains, and restrooms in interstate bus terminals later that same year, giving the Freedom Riders a well earned victory in their campaign. The Freedom Rides campaign was an opportunity for Robert Kennedy to begin being involved with civil rights leaders through phone conversations, meetings, and cautious collaborations. (PBS)
May 29 1961, Robert Kennedy formally petitioned to end segregation on public bus travel. He petitioned to the Commerce Commission to adopt "stringent regulations". The proposition was issued September 22 and affected November first. Directly after the segregation on public bus transportation was ended the Jim Crow law was put into action. It ended segregation in waiting rooms, water fountains, and restrooms in interstate bus terminals later that same year, giving the Freedom Riders a well earned victory in their campaign. The Freedom Rides campaign was an opportunity for Robert Kennedy to begin being involved with civil rights leaders through phone conversations, meetings, and cautious collaborations. (PBS)
Free a leader
The famous spokesperson and leader of the African-Americans is accused wrongly and send to jail. When Robert F. Kennedy learned about this he called the judge to release Martin Luther King Jr. Why does Kennedy fight for the liberation of one men? Well, Martin Luther King Jr. was fighting for civil rights in a peaceful manner and refused to fight violence with violence. He was the perfect example of a strong and kind man. He was put in jail not because he broke the law but because he stood up for what he believed. That is why RFK was outraged and used his powers as attorney general to free Martin Luther King Jr. The whole black community thanked the Kennedy brothers for this act that changed the Civil Rights Movement. (UpClose)
The famous spokesperson and leader of the African-Americans is accused wrongly and send to jail. When Robert F. Kennedy learned about this he called the judge to release Martin Luther King Jr. Why does Kennedy fight for the liberation of one men? Well, Martin Luther King Jr. was fighting for civil rights in a peaceful manner and refused to fight violence with violence. He was the perfect example of a strong and kind man. He was put in jail not because he broke the law but because he stood up for what he believed. That is why RFK was outraged and used his powers as attorney general to free Martin Luther King Jr. The whole black community thanked the Kennedy brothers for this act that changed the Civil Rights Movement. (UpClose)
Social man
He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959. That is where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the corrupt practices of the union. He also published The Enemy Within, a book about corrupt organized labor. He fought to keep African-Americans safe. Without him the colored citizens can get seriously hurt while trying to protect their rights. Although he is not the president, he played a very important role in protecting the African-Americans and their rights. He is the man that kept things smooth. (World Book)
He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959. That is where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the corrupt practices of the union. He also published The Enemy Within, a book about corrupt organized labor. He fought to keep African-Americans safe. Without him the colored citizens can get seriously hurt while trying to protect their rights. Although he is not the president, he played a very important role in protecting the African-Americans and their rights. He is the man that kept things smooth. (World Book)
In honor 50th anniversary of RFK being sworn into office as attorney general. The Department of Justice welcomed Kennedy family members, renowned civil rights leaders, historians, and current and former Justice Department employees to pay tribute to RFK’s Attorney General service. This happened in 2011 to celebrate Robert Kennedy’s impact on the world, and African-Americans rights. (Department of Justice, Current Event 2011)
Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XKiuJ6j7rY3ZwqYZeA4eaA3330z_PkAm5XaB4tRS08w/edit?usp=sharing
Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XKiuJ6j7rY3ZwqYZeA4eaA3330z_PkAm5XaB4tRS08w/edit?usp=sharing
Robert Kennendy (R. D. and E.M.)
Robert F Kennedy and John F Kennedy were both brothers and important people in american history. They both were assassinated at an important point in their carrier. Robert F Kennedy was giving a speech when he was shot three times. He was very involved in civil rights and he was good friends with Martin Luther King. He also graduated from The Harvard University.
Robert F Kennedy and John F Kennedy were both brothers and important people in american history. They both were assassinated at an important point in their carrier. Robert F Kennedy was giving a speech when he was shot three times. He was very involved in civil rights and he was good friends with Martin Luther King. He also graduated from The Harvard University.
Robert Kennedy was a very smart man because he went to harvard University, an Ivy league school that not many people get accepted to Ivy league schools in general. Robert Kennedy Majored in Political Science with an emphasis in international relations. Robert graduated college in the year of 1940 and made his life a very successful career.
Shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was shot three times by Palestinian immigrant Sirhan Sirhan. Robert was 42 years old when he died. He lived from Nov 20, 1925 - Jun 06, 1968. Robert and John were both assassinated and shot. There must have been something about the Kennedys because both of them were assassinated by getting shot in the neck or higher.
Robert was one of 7 kids that the kennedys had. The kids names were Bobby, Jack, Eunice, Jean, Joe Sr, Rose, Pat, Kick Joe Jr, Rosemary, and Ted. Out of 7 kids, two were assassinated. The Kennedys were a very well sophisticated and were a great group of people. There ethnicity was an Irish based family and Roberts wifes name was Ethel. Robert was the 7th kid born in the family. Robert was one of those people that was a family man and he could really relate to Martin Luther king jr and thats why he was probably the most disappointed in his death.
After the death of Martin Luther King JR, it was a big mourning time by all people and especially the African American people. The speech about Martin Luther King JR Getting shot in the head in Memphis, Tennessee. Robert gathered all the African Americans in a group and told them about the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Once the African Americans were gathered and heard the news, they were all depressed and Robert tried to make them happy again and help them not be disappointed. Robert Kennedy was a really good man and he tried to help everybody and he was a really kind guy.
Robert F Kennedy had a lot going for him, but sadly his career was cut short because of a persian immigrant by the name of Sirhan Sirhan who shot him. He was a successful man and he could have been president, but he was not. He was a very successful politician. Him and his brother John F Kennedy were very important people in american history
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lNbDQt4CJJlb1ROUBTxBoW2RWw61PwqD99ayKLhRuaU/edit?usp=sharing
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lNbDQt4CJJlb1ROUBTxBoW2RWw61PwqD99ayKLhRuaU/edit?usp=sharing